Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
Glucose tolerance test (GTT) can also be used to assess Impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. This variation of the test is often referred to as an oral glucose tolerance test with insulin measurements (OGTT with insulin). Here's how it typically works:
- Preparation: Before the test, the individual is usually instructed to fast overnight or for a certain period, typically 8 to 12 hours. During this time, they should avoid eating or drinking anything except water.
- Baseline Measurements: At the beginning of the test, baseline measurements of blood glucose and insulin levels are taken from a blood sample obtained through a fingerstick or from a vein. These baseline measurements provide a starting point for comparison.8
- Glucose Solution: After the baseline measurements are taken, the individual is given a measured amount of glucose solution (1.75 gram/kg glucose; max of 75 gram) to drink.
- Monitoring: Blood samples are taken at regular intervals, usually every 30 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the specific protocol used by the healthcare provider. These blood samples are used to measure blood glucose and insulin levels over time.
- Interpretation: The results of the test are interpreted based on how the individual's blood glucose and insulin levels change in response to the glucose solution. In a normal GTT with insulin measurements, blood glucose levels rise after drinking the glucose solution but then return to normal within a few hours. Insulin levels also rise in response to the glucose load, but individuals with normal insulin sensitivity will have insulin levels that return to baseline within a reasonable time frame. Abnormal results, such as persistently high blood glucose levels or high insulin levels, may indicate insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus.
This variation of the GTT with insulin measurements provides additional information about insulin sensitivity and can help healthcare providers diagnose conditions such as insulin resistance, which is a precursor to type 2 diabetes. It's essential for individuals undergoing this test to follow any instructions provided by their healthcare provider regarding preparation for the test and to discuss the implications of the test results with their healthcare provider.

Patient Education / FAQs
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