Thyroid disorders (hypo and hyperthyroidism)
Thyroid disorders refer to conditions that affect the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. The two most common thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones — primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Common causes of hypothyroidism include an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, certain medications, iodine deficiency, and radiation therapy. The symptoms of hypothyroidism may include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, cold intolerance, constipation, depression, and menstrual irregularities.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Graves' disease. Other causes include toxic nodular goiter or thyroiditis. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include weight loss, increased appetite, palpitations, anxiety, heat intolerance, increased sweating, tremors, and menstrual irregularities.
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