Adrenal insufficiency (adrenal insufficiency, CAH)
Adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, is a disorder characterized by the inadequate production of hormones by the adrenal glands.
The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce essential hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, which are involved in various bodily functions.
Adrenal insufficiency can be primary or secondary.
Primary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands themselves are damaged or destroyed, leading to a decrease in hormone production.
Secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland or hypothalamus fail to signal the adrenal glands to produce hormones.
The most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency is an autoimmune reaction where the body's immune system attacks and damages the adrenal glands. Other causes include infections, such as tuberculosis or fungal infections, genetic disorders, and certain medications.
Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency can vary but may include fatigue, weight loss, decreased appetite, low blood pressure, darkening of the skin, salt cravings, muscle weakness, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, adrenal crisis can occur, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure hormone levels, imaging tests to assess the adrenal glands, and sometimes stimulation tests to evaluate their function. Treatment of adrenal insufficiency typically involves hormone replacement therapy, where patients take oral corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone to replace the deficient hormones.
Overall, adrenal insufficiency is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management and regular monitoring by a healthcare professional. It is essential to follow the prescribed treatment plan and promptly seek medical attention in case of an adrenal crisis.
To know more about primary adrenal insufficiency, click here
To know more about CAH, click here
